Tag: NASA (Page 1 of 2)

Why Write About Space Robots (and How Big Is the Solar System)?

March 7, 2023 / Katie L. Carroll

I was very excited to discover that SELFIES FROM MARS: THE TRUE STORY OF MARS ROVER OPPORTUNITY earned an orange banner for being a #1 new release in children’s aeronautics & space books!

I have several other works-in-progress about space robots, including a fictional story about the real Mars rover Perseverance (and Mars helicopter Ingenuity) and a nonfiction one about the Voyager space probes. And it got me wondering, What it is about space robots that has sparked my imagination?

Considering the size of the universe, and even of the solar system, human space travel is–to put it mildly–very limited. The farthest we’ve been is the moon, on average 238,855 miles from Earth. That’s about the size of 30 Earths, and can be considered really far away in terms of Earthly travel.

How about Mars? Humans haven’t been there yet, but we’ve sent a bunch of robots there, and we might even get there soon. The answer here varies because of the constant rotation of the planets around the sun, but on average, Mars is 140 million miles away from Earth and it get as close as 35 million miles. A lot farther than the moon!

Looking at the solar system, it doesn’t really make sense to talk about it in millions of miles because it’s so large. So scientists use the Astronomical Unit (AU) to describe distances of that size. One AU is 93 million miles, which is the average distance between the sun and the Earth. Neptune is 30 AU from the sun, or 2.8 billion miles. The Kuiper Belt, where Pluto resides, isn’t even the end of the solar system, and that can be as far as 50 AU from the sun.

Depending on how you define the end of the solar system (and there isn’t necessarily consensus on this in the scientific community), our solar system can be measured from 122 AU (at the heliopause, the place where solar winds meet interstellar winds) all the way to 100,000 AU from the sun (at the Oort Cloud, the farthest reach of the sun’s gravitational influence).

So really, really large. And that’s just the solar system, never mind the mind-bending that is required to think about how big the universe is! Still with me?

That brings us back to, What does the size of the solar system have to do with my interest in space robots? Space robots can travel much, much farther than humans can.

Mars currently has two working rovers on it, Curiosity and Perseverance, and a helicopter named Ingenuity. The space probe Voyager 1 has been traveling through the solar system for more than 45 years. At 159 AU (approximately 14.8 billion miles from the sun), it is deeper out in space than any other human-made object, and has traveled beyond the heliopause. And there are numerous other space robots out exploring the sun, other planets, other moons, etc.

Space robots are our ambassadors to space! We can’t go there yet, so we send out these robots. Some of them even look a little like us, and they’re all robot scientists, communicating their findings back to Earth. We learn from them, but they also represent us.

Voyager 1 even contains a Golden Record with sights and sounds from Earth and mathematical instructions on how to listen to it. I love picturing aliens (or future humans) coming across Voyager 1 and listening to that record. What would they (or what would future humans) think of the humans that sent the record out into space?

Anyway, that definitely sparks my imagination. I think it’s also important to learn about those space robots that are out there representing humans in space: our interstellar ambassadors!

SELFIES FROM MARS Release Day!

February 13, 2023 / Katie L. Carroll

Today’s the day! SELFIES FROM MARS: THE TRUE STORY OF MARS ROVER OPPORTUNITY is out in the world. It truly feels like a miracle every time a new book comes out. I also finally have an author newsletter, and you get two free short stories when you sign up!

@katielcarrollauthor
Opportunity was the robot that just kept on roving on Mars! #mars #marsrover #roveropportunity #spacebooks #stembooks #selfiesfrommars #nonfiction #rover #goodnightoppy #robots #spacerobot
♬ Natural Emotions – Muspace

Bringing a nonfiction book into the world was a complicated, wonderful learning experience. There were image credits and song lyrics rights to consider. Many facts to check and double-check. Even the type of paper to use for the print copies proved to be a new challenge to tackle. So many hours went into the design of this book, but I’m so thrilled with how it came out.

In addition to the main narrative for rover Opportunity (with some rover Spirit in there, too), there are so many facts and figures to discover in Selfies From Mars. I can’t wait for young readers to meet little Oppy and read the Fact Files.

I know this is a nonfiction book, but the ending makes me so emotional every time! After all, it was the emotional end of Opportunity’s incredible mission that inspired me to go into a deep dive on this rover and become enamored by it.

Who can forget the poetic interpretation of Opportunity’s last message to Earth? “My battery is low and it’s getting dark.” Or that the rover’s team played a love song, Billie Holiday’s version of “I’ll Be Seeing You,” as a goodbye? Pay particular attention to the last few lines (or read the book to see which lyrics I’m talking about!).

SELFIES FROM MARS blurb:

From evidence of water to stunning images,
Mars rover Opportunity allowed humans to
experience the Red Planet as never before.
Ride along on the 15-year mission
that captured hearts a world away!

Available from Bookshop.org, Amazon, Barnes & Noble, IndieBound, or Book Depository (for international folks). Coming soon signed copies from Katie’s bookstore.

Wrapping Up 2022 and What’s to Come in 2023

January 13, 2023 / Katie L. Carroll

Happy New Year! It seems to be flying by already, and I don’t expect it to slow down. According to Goodreads, I read 52 books in 2022, but that doesn’t include the countless picture books I read. I set my usual goal of 50 books for 2023, though reading is off to a bit of a slow start for me. What are your reading goals for this year?

As an author, 2022 was a banner year as it was the first time I released two books in one year. And 2023 is set to be even bigger with five book releases! (Yes, I do sleep, but probably not as much as I should.)

The first of which is my nonfiction book SELFIES FROM MARS: THE TRUE STORY OF MARS ROVER OPPORTUNITY, which comes out February 13 and is up for preorder on most sites! I have some final proofing and uploading to do, but this one is mostly done and ready to meet readers.

From evidence of water to stunning images,
Mars rover Opportunity allowed humans to
experience the Red Planet as never before.
Ride along on the 15-year mission
that captured hearts a world away!

Then I’ve got three YA thrillers, one standalone and a duology, planned for the spring and summer months. Details on titles, covers, release dates, and ARC copies all coming soon. I’m working on getting a monthly newsletter going, so stay tuned for that. It’ll be the best place to get all my book news first.

And finally, another picture book in the Family Christmas Tales series called DADDY’S TWELVE DAYS OF CHRISTMAS. Phoebe Cho will be illustrating this one, and we will be getting started on that soon. The first in the series was MOMMY’S NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS, which recently got a lovely 5-star review from Readers’ Favorite, earning it a shiny badge.

For anyone interested in a detailed workshop about self-publishing children’s book (picture books through YA), I’m presenting my 90-minute workshop “What to Expect When You’re Self-Publishing” on Saturday, January 21 at 10:30 a.m. (ET). It’s on Zoom, so you can attend from anywhere and there will be a recording available for 30 days after.

Alrighty, one last question for all of you…is there anything in particular you’d like me to blather on about here on the blog this year?

Gaining a Sense of Awe and Perspective from the JWST Images and the Vastness of the Universe

July 20, 2022 / Katie L. Carroll

As a writer, most people know me as a purveyor of words and stories, but I occasionally geek out here on scientific topics, like the Fibonacci Sequence, space exploration, and the Big Bang. I’ve been combining my love of writing and science in picture books drafts about the Mars rovers and the Voyager spacecraft. My hope is to bring these stories, both fiction and non-fiction, to readers starting next year!

First Deep Field
Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI

When NASA released its first wave of images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) on my birthday last week, it felt like the universe was giving me the best birthday present ever: awe and perspective. The above image is known as the First Deep Field. From our earthly perspective, the amount of space we’re looking at in the image is the size of a grain of sand held up to sky at arm’s length (so a very, very, very, very tiny amount).

Many of the reactions to this image were similar to my own of amazement and excitement, but I did see a few less-than-enthusiastic responses. One in particular was along the lines of not getting why people were so excited about a picture of space looking like, well, space.

Without context (and President Biden’s press conference on this image was not exactly illuminating as to the significance of this image), I totally understand the “so what?” reaction. So what is the significance?

First of all, the First Deep Field shows that tiny patch of space in greater detail than we have ever observed before. There are a few stars from our own galaxy there, those are the bright ones that look like sparkly stars. They’re cool to look at, but from a scientific perspective, fairly ordinary. More interesting is that this single image shows a galaxy cluster that contains thousands of galaxies. Our own Milky Way galaxy contains somewhere between 100-400 billion stars, so this image is showing a whole lot of space stuff with an incredible level of detail!

Even more interesting are the distorted-looking galaxies that have a kind of smudged appearance. Due to a phenomenon called gravitational lensing, light can bend around objects and be magnified. So those smudged galaxies are behind other galaxies and are at a much greater distance than we’d normally be able to see.

The thing about light is that it’s very fast, but the universe is so vast, light can travel for a very long time before reaching us here on Earth. Our sun is about 8 light-minutes away, so the sunlight you see right now (please don’t look directly at the sun and damage your eyes!) is 8 minutes old. From Earth, we can only see the sun as it was 8 minutes ago. Light allows us to see into the past!

One distorted galaxy in the First Deep Field is 13.1 billion light-years away. So we’re seeing it as it was 13.1 billion years ago. The farther into the universe we can see, the farther into the past we can observe. This galaxy is so far away that we’re seeing to within 1 billion years of when the Big Bang occurred. And that will allow us to discover more about how the universe was formed–the history of literally everything we know!

That’s only a fraction of the exciting information that will come from this one image from the JWST. Gazing at an image of this tiny bit of space makes you realize how very vast the universe is, large on a scale that is hard to comprehend. There is so much space stuff out there, and we here on Earth are a “pale blue dot” in a soup of many, much larger dots.

At first that makes me feel small and insignificant. I’m one person of billions on Earth. Earth is one planet among countless others circling countless stars in the countless galaxies of the universe.

But then I think of how amazing it is that we’re here at all. In all of that space, we have our beautiful, bountiful planet Earth. I breathe in the oxygen and drink the water with my body that is made of stardust. And I sit here at my computer with a brain complex enough to contemplate the vastness of space and the history of the universe. So when a person shows skepticism about a picture of space looking like space, here’s what I have to say.

Images like this give people a sense of awe, both in the beauty of space and the vastness of it. It simultaneously makes us feel insignificant and helps us realize how special it is that we are here at all. At least that’s why I’m so excited. I hope you find something that excites you today!

I’ll leave you with a couple more awe-inspiring images from the JWST.

Stephan’s Quintet, group of five galaxies
*Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI*

Cosmic Cliffs, Carina Nebula
*Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI*

Why Bother With Space Exploration?

August 12, 2021 / Katie L. Carroll

This is the second installment of my posts about space exploration. You can check out the first one “Let’s Stop the Billionaires from Controlling Space Exploration” here.

A question that inevitably comes up when discussing space exploration is why bother at all? People will say that space exploration is expensive, that we should focus on fixing all the bad things here on Earth, and what do we humans really get out of it anyway?

Let’s start with that first one of how expensive it is. In my last post, I mentioned that NASA’s 2021 budget at $23.3 billion. To a single individual (unless you’re the likes of Jeff Bezos or Elon Musk), that kind of money is an obscene amount, but let’s put in perspective. NASA’s budget is a mere 0.5% of U.S. government spending. Contrast that with the 2021 defense budget of $703.7 billion or the 1964 NASA budget adjusted for inflation of $57.3 billion.

Next, let’s talk about how we should focus on our problems here on Earth rather than exploring space. This one almost doesn’t even require a response because it’s not a this-or-that kind of situation; sending humans to the moon doesn’t keep us from feeding hungry people. But I’ll humor the doubters and give an even more thorough response than that, which also addresses what we here on Earth get out of space exploration.

The work that NASA does can actually help solve our Earthly problems. NASA has a program dedicated to climate change with an entire fleet of instruments and spacecraft orbiting Earth to study climate science. Their scientific data is readily available to anyone on the globe, specifically those in charge of making and changing climate policies around the world.

The agency’s research encompasses solar activity, sea level rise, the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans, the state of the ozone layer, air pollution, and changes in sea ice and land ice. NASA scientists regularly appear in the mainstream press as climate experts.
NASA’s “Taking a Global Perspective on Earth’s Climate”

Space exploration also pushes the development of cutting edge technology and innovation that leads to applications here on Earth. Ever taken a selfie (the rovers on Mars have…see “Watch (and Hear) How NASA’s Perseverance Rover Took Its First Selfie”)? You can thank space exploration for that. Here’s a video about some more of the technologies that have come out of it, including weather forecasting tools, fire resistant fabrics, and medical applications.

Beyond the tangible benefits of space exploration, allow me to wax poetic for a moment about the intangible. Recent studies have shown that experiencing a sense of awe reduces stress, loneliness, and depression and can even alleviate pain (see “Awe: The Instantaneous Way to Feel Good and Relieve Stress”).

What is more awe-inducing than looking up at the stars and imagining what is up there, thinking about the universe and our place in it? Well, actually knowing what is up there! Because as vast as our imaginations are, the more we explore space, the more we realize that some of it is stranger than we can imagine, like a space cloud that smells like rum or a planet composed of solid diamond.

Space exploration gives us mere mortals a chance to see how far we can go as a species, both in actually going into space and by pushing the boundaries of what our minds can understand. It also puts us in our place. One of my favorite ways to get a sense of awe is watch videos about the scope of the universe.

It reminds me that we are a tiny part of a vast world, barely even a blip in the 14-billion-year history of the universe. Yet (barring any secret alien files the government has) Earth is the only planet we know of that has life on it. And it has a vast array of life, an estimated 8.7 million species, all on this one speck of a planet.

We are insignificant in the scope of the universe, but we are also diverse and important in the complex web of it, probably in ways that we can’t imagine. Understanding our greater place is all part of exploring it. So, yeah, space exploration is important and worth doing.

I’ll leave you with one last quote from NASA before I circle back to those billionaires who want to take control of space exploration on my next post.

Human space exploration helps to address fundamental questions about our place in the Universe and the history of our solar system. Through addressing the challenges related to human space exploration we expand technology, create new industries, and help to foster a peaceful connection with other nations. Curiosity and exploration are vital to the human spirit and accepting the challenge of going deeper into space will invite the citizens of the world today and the generations of tomorrow to join NASA on this exciting journey.
NASA’s “Why we explore”